Load profiles is an add-on module to dpPower Analyzer. It allows for the creation of individual and general load profiles based on historical power data from end customers and weather data. Load profiles can be used as input load data in calculations.

Load profiles are daily curves describing the power usage of an end customer or a secondary/primary substation. The load profiles are divided into groups based on:

•Season

•Day type

•Temperature. Up to four intervals per season.

 

See graph for an example of one customer’s load profiles.

Individual load profiles

Individual load profiles apply to one specific customer and are created based on the historical hourly measurements from the end customer’s meter in combination with weather data. Creation of individual profiles therefore requires Historical measurements to be imported and a weather series of daily mean temperatures - however the add-on module Historical Measurements is not required. See section Historical measurements.

Individual load profiles can be deleted, either by truncating the entire database table or by only deleting certain selected profiles, from the Administration tab in the Administrate load profiles window.

 

Create Individual load profiles:

1.Select Analyzer > Administrate load profiles….

2.Select tab Create individual load profiles.

3.Check the box Use selected meters and choose a method of selecting meters:

oSelect from list: Search for a specific meter. If the search field is left empty, the search will include all meters in the system.

oSelect in map: Place a polygon in the map. When the polygon is completed, right-click and select Define area. All meters inside the polygon will be selected.

oSelect with trace: The trace window opens. All meters included in the trace will be selected.

4.Select Hourly values as Meter type.

5.Check Use date limitations and select a time interval if only values from certain dates should be used in the creation of the load profiles. If it is left unchecked, all saved measurements will be used.

6.Press Start generation.

 

General load profiles

A general load profile is a relative hourly profile for a group of customers or meters. It describes the typical shape of load over time, not a fixed power value. The profile contains values for season, day type and temperature group. During a calculation, the selected hourly profile value is scaled with the meter’s annual energy.

General load profiles are created from individual load profiles. When a general profile is generated, each individual profile is first normalized by that meter’s average active power. The normalized hourly values are then averaged for the selected group. This means that every included meter contributes to the shape of the general profile, while the absolute size of each meter is applied later from its annual energy.

A general load profile can contain separate values for load and production. This is mainly used for four-quadrant/prosumer meters where consumption and production are available separately. Consumption profiles are based on received power and annual consumption energy. Production profiles are based on returned power and annual production energy.

 

Create General load profiles:

1.Select Analyzer > Administrate load profiles….

2.Select tab Create general load profiles.

3.Select which meters should be included as input to the generation, either by:

a.ISIC-code or

b.Specific meter selection:

•Select from list: Search for a specific meter. If the search field is left empty, the search will include all meters in the system.

•Select in map: Place a polygon in the map. When the polygon is completed, right-click and select Define area. All meters inside the polygon will be selected.

•Select with trace: The trace window opens. All meters included in the trace will be selected.

4.Press OK. The list on the right side of the window is populated with meters.

5.Type a Description and an ID for the general profile.

6.Press Start generation.

 

How general load profiles are used in calculations

When a calculation uses general load profiles, the system first checks whether an individual load profile for the meter. If no individual profile is available, the matching general load profile is used.

The general load profile can either be assigned directly to the meter or selected from codelist MAP_LOAD_PATTERN based on ISIC code, tariff code, annual energy and fuse size.

Fuse size and energy consumption are specified as ranges.

When multiple entries match, the system follows this priority:

1.ISIC code

2.Tariff code

3.Energy consumption

4.Fuse size

Each entry in MAP_LOAD_PATTERN refers to a profile type through TYPE_CODE. The TYPE_CODE must correspond to an entry in the LOAD_PATTERN codelist, which contains the actual load profile values. A profile type can contain both consumption and production profiles.

If no matching entry is found, an entry with ISIC code = BASE can be used as a fallback. If neither a matching entry nor a fallback exists, no general load profile is assigned.

Both the MAP_LOAD_PATTERN and LOAD_PATTERN codelists can be accessed via:

Analyzer > Administrate load profiles > tab Administration > drop-down menu Show/update > Map general load profile or General load profile.

Once a general load profile has been selected, the calculation uses the profile value corresponding to the current season, day type and temperature.

The active load is calculated as:

Pload(t) = kload(t, season, day type, temperature) * Eload / 8760

where:

Pload(t) - Active load for hour t, in kW.

kload(...) - Relative load factor from the general load profile.

Eload - Annual energy consumption.

8760 - Number of hours in a year.

 

For production profiles, the same principle is applied using the production profile factor and annual production energy:

Pprod(t) = kprod(t, season, day type, temperature) * Eprod / 8760

where Eprod is the annual production energy, in kWh. In the network calculation, production is treated as generation/export and is normally applied with negative active power.

If a meter contains both consumption and production, and 4Q meter production is included in the calculation, the calculation may include both a load contribution and a production contribution for the same meter. The production contribution can be scaled independently using the Production load level setting.

Reactive power is calculated from reactive data when available. If no reactive profile or reactive annual value exists, reactive power is calculated from the power factor (cos φ).

During the calculation, the selected general load profile is scaled according to the customer's annual energy consumption while preserving the relative shape of the profile.

 

Retrieve all load profiles for a meter

1.Right-click on a delivery point, customer facility or a meter that has load profiles stored.

2.Select Calculated values > Load profile meter graphic. All daily curves that are stored are displayed. Only the active power is presented.

 

Load summed load profiles for a station

1.Right-click on a delivery point, customer facility or a meter that has load profiles stored.

2.Select Calculated values > Hourly values > Load profiles, summary. It is possible to filter the load profiles using the filter button in the menu bar.

 

Administration

The codelists related to the module are accessed through the Show/update drop down menu in the Administration tab in the Administrate load profiles window.

 

Weather data

For Swedish customers, weather data can be imported using SMHI’s weather API.

The integration with SMHI’s API enables automatic retrieval of temperature data from all of SMHI’s weather stations. Using this integration comes with no extra costs for the customer, however since the API is SMHI’s, it is only available in Sweden.

 

Setup:

1.Place the object temperature measurement in the map. All attribute fields can be left empty for now.

2.Open the Query tool > Search > External search services > Weather station (SMHI).

3.Change the max rows and press Search.

4.Find the relevant weather station and copy the Name and Station ID from the Query tool to the ID and Alternative ID in the attribute form respectively.

 Link to a map of SMHI’s weather stations:

 https://www.smhi.se/vader/observationer/observationer#ws=wpt-a,proxy=wpt-a,tab=vader,param=t

5.Post the changes.

6.Open Analyzer > Administrate load profiles > Reading and run one of the jobs with SMHI in the name.

7.Right click the temperature measurement info object and select Show temperature set. If everything works as intended, the weather series should be presented in a graph.

 

A scheduled job can also be configured by Digpro which imports the previous day’s mean temperature in order to automatically keep the weather data up to date.

 

Load profiles for stations

If measurement values have been imported for stations, load profiles can also be generated for them. See section Manage Measurement points in the network for more information about station measurements.

1.In the menu bar, select Analyzer > Administrate load profiles.

2.Select the Create station profiles tab.

3.Select the desired settings and press Start generation.

 

Station load profiles can be used as load basis for calculations when the low voltage network is not included in the tracing.

1.Once you have traced the network, select the Load tab.

2.In the Type field, select Load profiles.

3.Open the More fields section and check the Include station meters checkbox.